Correlation of aspirin resistance, gene polymorphism of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅱb HPA-3 and recurrent ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

ObjectiveToinvestigatethecorrelationofaspirinresistance(AR),genepolymorphismof platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)Ⅱb HPA-3 and recurrent ischemic stroke. Methods The consecutive patients w ith acute ischemic stroke and gender, age-matched healthy subjects w ere enrol ed. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) w ere used as inducing agents. The platelet aggregation rate (PAgT) was detected by flow cytometry. AR was defined as PAgTADP≥39.27% and PAgTAA≥34.27%. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism w as used to detect the GPⅡbHPA-3 genotype. Results A total of 224 patients w ith acute ischemic stroke (case group) and 98 healthy subjects (control group) were enroled. In the case group, 162 patients had the first-ever stroke (first-ever stroke group) and 62 had recurrent stroke (recurrent stroke group). The incidence of AR in the case group w as 15.18%, in w hich the incidence of AR in the recurrent group w as significantly higher than that in the first-ever stroke group (27.42%vs.10.49%; χ2 =9.977, P=0.002). The frequencies of bb genotype ( P=0.004) and b alele (P=0.001) in the recurrent group were significantly higher than those in the first-ever stroke group. In the case group, the frequencies of bb genotype ( P=0.028) and b alele (P=0.004) in the AR group w ere significantly higher than those in the non-AR group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis show ed that AR (odds ratio [OR] 2.933, 95%confidence interval [CI] 1.326-6.486;P=0.008) and bb genotype (OR 2.198, 95%CI1.164-4.149, P=0.015) w ere the independent risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke. Conclusions AR and GP Ⅱb HPA-3 bb genotype are associated w ith recurrent ischemic stroke.

Analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of desmoplastic small round cell tumor / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical diagnostic features and treatment of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), and to improve the understanding and management of this tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological data of nine patients treated in our hospital from October 2004 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and a review of the literature was made. The clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this tumor were summarized and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine patients with DSRCT, 5 males and 4 females, with an average age of 21 years (range 8-56 years) were included in this study. Ultrasound examination revealed irregular low-density mass shadow in the abdominal cavity. CT examination found that 6 cases had abdominal and retroperitoneal multiple solid tumor nodules, uneven density, and visible low density fluid area. Postoperative pathological examination revealed that the tumor cells were small, mostly elliptic, gathered to form clear structure of nests with clear irregular boundaries. The central portion of large tumor nests often showed necrosis. Scattered fibroblasts and large amount of hyalinization of collagen fibers were seen in the interstitial tissue around the nests. Six patients received laparotomy surgery, however, all failed to resect the tumor completely. Three patients received postoperative chemotherapy, i. e. two cases had carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy, and one case of chemotherapy regimen not specified. Two patients had radiation and chemotherapy (no concrete plan was available). Another case was lost to follow-up. Two of the three patients without surgery received chemotherapy with CAP (cyclophosphamide+adriamycin+carboplatin) and total rectal lesions, pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes, ilium metastases radiation therapy. Another one patient received EP regimen (DDP+VP16) which was then changed into a TP chemotherapy alone. Eight of the nine cases died shortly after surgery, and only one patient treated with chemotherapy alone was still alive after 11 months of follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a very rare, special type of soft tissue tumor, with very poor prognosis. This tumor may be preliminarily diagnosed according to the imaging characteristics and detection of tumor markers, however, final diagnosis is made by pathology. Surgery is the priority of treatment, combined with complementary radiation and chemotherapy.</p>

Epigenetic regulation of androgen receptors in prostate cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

The androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear hormone and transcription factor, is the most therapeutic relevant target in pros-tate cancer (PCa) and in the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Significant efforts have been focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of CRPC. Recent work has revealed the importance of epigenetic events in-cluding the regulation of AR signaling by methylation, acetylation, and non-coding RNA in the tumorigenesis and development of PCa. We summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of AR signaling in PCa.

Correlation between platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅱb HPA-3 polymorphism and ischemic stroke in Chinese Han population / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of glycoprotein (GP) Ⅱ b HPA-3 polymorphism in Chinese Han population in Tianjin and its correlation with ischemic stroke.Methods The patients in this study were divided into either a ischemic stroke group (n =150) or a control group (n =135).Genotyping was conducted by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and was verified by sampling sequencing Each genotype and allele frequency distribution and its correlation with ischemic stroke were compared.Results The ab genotype,bb genotype and b allele frequency in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P =0.000),while aa genotype and a allele frequency were significantly lower than those in the control group (P =0.000).There were no significant differences in the frequencies of GPⅡ b genotype and b allele between the different gender and the age groups in the patient group.Although there were no significant differences in genotype frequencies between all etiologic subtypes,b allele frequency in the large artery atherosclerotic stroke subgroup was significantly higher than that in the small vascular occlusive stroke subgroup and that in the cardioembolism subgroup (61.8％ vs.46.7％ vs.47.5％ ;x2 =6.573,P =0.037).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 7.475,95％ confidence interval [CI]3.700-15.003; P =0.000) and b allele (OR 3.678,95％ CI 1.245-10.863; P =0.018) were the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke.Conclusions GP Ⅱ b HPA-3 polymorphism may be associated with the risk of ischemic stroke onset.Carrying b allele may be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke,especially large artery atherosclerotic stroke.

Vasohibin-1 and tumor / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Vasohibin-1 (VASH1),which is induced in response to angiogenic stimuli such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2,has recently been isolated as a novel negative feedback inhibitor of angiogenesis.Several studies have demonstrated that VASH1 plays important roles in the development of various tumors and it would potentially be a biomarker and a candidate for molecular targeted therapy for patients with cancer in the future.

Changes in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 and tamm-horsfall protein in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 [BMP7]has been suggested to play a protecOriginal Article tive role against kidney injury in chronic kidney disease. To identify the critical molecular regulators in the early stage of diabetic ne-phropathy, we studied the expression of BMP? and 2 important kidney-specific markers, podocin and Tamm-Horsfall protein [THP]. A diabetic nephropathy model was established by intraperitone-ally injecting streptozotocin [STZ] in male Kunming mice. Kidney weight index was used as an indicator of early renal injury. Kidney tissue from the diabetic model mice was obtained at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and total protein was extracted to assess the expression of BMP?, podocin, and THP by western blot analysis. Diabetic model mice were successfully established, and the kidney weight index of the model animals increased significantly. The expression of BMP? was significantly downregulated, while the expression of THP was increased in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. However, the expression of podocin did not change. Our observations suggested that down-regulation of BMP? expression and up-regulation of THP expression were early events that occur prior to podocyte injury with the structure protein, podocin spoiled, which further confirmed that BMP? is a key molecular regulator in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy

Influence of estrogen receptor a on proliferation and metastasis in bladder cancer cells / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the function and mechanism of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in bladder cancer cell proliferation and aggressivity.Methods The ERα expression bladder cancer cell line T24ERα model was established.The cell growth was detected by MTT assay,apoptosis by flow cytometry,cell invasion by matrigel transwell.Western blot was used to check signals by ERα regulation in bladder cancer cells related to the proliferation and metastatic ability.Results Compared to the control group,the cell inhibition rates of experimental group in 96 h and 144 h were 18.85％ and 37.21％,respectively.The difference was significant compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rates of the experimental group and control group were (18.93 ±1.41)％ and (9.91 ±1.08)％ (P＜0.05).The experimental group through matrix adhesive cell proportion was (10.00 ± 2.00)％,significantly lower than that of the control group (26.00 ± 3.61) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).Western blot showed integrin-β1,p-FAK,p-Src and Scr expression were reduced compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ERα could inhibit bladder cancer cell growth and metastasis through down-regulating integrin-β1-FAK/Src signal pathway,while promote the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells.

The correlation of E2F3, miR-17-5p and miR-20a in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the correlation and role of E2F3 gene,miR-17-5p and miR-20a in the cell lines of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Methods The plasmids of pcDNA3.1-HA-E2F3 and pAAV-siRNA-E2F3 were used to overexpress and knockdown E2F3.The mimics of miR-17-5p,miR-20a and their anti-miRNA oligonucleotides were used to overexpress and screen miR-17-5p and miR-20a.The expression levels of E2F3 gene,miR-17-5p and miR-20a were detected by quantitative real-time PCR,and E2F3 protein were detected by Western blot. Results When E2F3 was overexpressed,the 2- △△Ct of miR-17-5p and miR-20a were 2.26 ± 0.30 and 4.04 ± 0.51,it was statistically significant to compared with control (P ＜ 0.05) ; when E2F3 was knockdown,the 2 △△Ct of miR-17-5p and miR-20a were 0.49 ± 0.02and 0.65 ± 0.04 (P ＜ 0.05) ; when miR-17-5p and miR-20a were overexpressed simultaneously,the level of E2F3 mRNA was significantly decreased,the average E2F3 protein gray scale was 55.31 ± 7.89,the control was 103.67 ± 13.61 (P ＜ 0.05 ) ; when miR-17-5p and miR-20a were knockdown simultaneously,the E2F3 mRNA was significantly increased,the E2F3 protein gray scale was 295.68 ± 19.25,the control was 103.67 ± 13.61 ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions miR-17-5p and miR-20a could be up-regulated by E2F3 gene,and the E2F3 gene could be down-regulated by miR-17-5p and miR-20a.The regulatory feedback loop of E2F3 gene,miR-17-5p and miR-20a exists in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. The loop maybe plays a key role in the development of bladder cancer.

Clinical values of AFP, GPC3 mRNA in peripheral blood for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following OLT

Hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Annually, about 200,000 patients died of HCC in China. Liver transplantation [LT] holds great theoretical appeal in treating HCC. However, the high recurrence rate after transplantation is the most important limiting factor for long-term survival. To assess the value of alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] messenger RNA [mRNA], Glypican-3 [GPC3] mRNA-expressing cells in the peripheral blood [PB] for prediction of HCC recurrence following orthotopic liver transplantation [OLT]. 29 patients with HCC who underwent OLT with a minimum clinical follow-up of 12 months were included in this retrospective study. We detected APF mRNA, follow-up of 12 months were included in this retrospective study. We detected AFP mRNA, GPC3 mRNA-expressing cells in the PB by TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR], pre-, intra- and post-operatively. The early recurrence of patients was evaluated. 8 [285], 15 [52%], and 9 [31%] patients had AFP mRNA detected pre-, intra-, and post-operatively, respectively. With 12 months of follow-up, HCC recurred in 7 [24%] patients. Univariate analysis revealed that positive pre- and post-operative AFP mRNA, TNM stage as well as vascular invasion were significant predictors for the HCC recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that being positive for AFP mRNA pre-operatively remained a significant risk factor for HCC recurrence after OLT. GPC3 mRNA was expressed in all PB samples. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of GPC3 mRNA between the HCC and control groups. There were no significant differences in GPC3 mRNA expression values between those patients with and without tumor recurrence. The pre-operative detection of circulating AFP mRNA-expressing cells could be a useful predictor for HCC recurrence following OLT. GPC3 mRNA - expressing cells in PB seem to have no diagnostic value

Study of the biological characteristics and antitumor activity of recombinant IFN-α-2B-BCG / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of recombinant hIFN-α-2B-BCG and its direct effect to bladder tumor cells in vitro. Methods BCG and recombinant BCG(rBCG) wild-type growth and morphology were compared. After 10 generations, hIFN-α-2B content was analyzed by ELISA, of bacteria in vivo and in vitro. The effects of rBCG on bladder cancer cells EJ, MB49, were detected by elec-tron microscopy and cell inhibitory rate from MTT. Results The normal BCG and rBCG had no significant difference in growth phase. They were both positive for acid-fast stain, maintaining the characteristics of cell's connection. While rBCG slightly larger than normal BCG, no else abnormality was obvious between them. IFN-α-2B was 997.2 pg/ml in secretions, 99.3 pg. In bacteria in vivo, 990.3 pg/ml in 10th genera-tion's sections, of rBCG. Compared with 1st generation, rBCG had no significant differences in morphology and interferon expression. Normal BCG and rBCG both had, anti-proliferation directly on bladder tumor cell in vitro, the rBCG is most effective in all. After rBCG cultivated with bladder tumor cell together, tumor cell's slow proliferation, detach, quantity decreasing and death were observed under microscope. Different degeneration in degree on most of tumor cells, disorganization on organelle, aggregation on chromatin, pyc-nosis on nucleolus, and cytoplasm lysis were on tumor cell under transmission electro microscopy. MTT as-say showed rBCG inhibited the proliferation of bladder caner cell and more active than normal BCG. Conclu-sion These results suggest that the rBCG have the same characteristics in growth phase as normal BCG, and stable properties in interferon expression and morphology by generations, rBCG has more anti-tumor effects in vitro than normal BCG.

Correlation study on mast cells' property and PUF scale in interstitial cystitis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To compare the mast cells' property and the level of pelvic pain, urgency and frequency (PUF) scale in urinary bladder between interstitial cystitis (IC) patients and controls.Methods Eighteen cystoscopy biopsy specimens of interstitial cystitis patients and 12 controls were stained with 0.5% toluidine blue and immobilizated with Osmic Acid. Then the mast cells were observed and counted with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The PUF scale and the number of mast cells between the 2 groups were compared. Results The mast cell's number of the interstitial cystitis samples(28-76 pieces/mm2) was significantly higher than that of the non IC persons' bladder tissues(7-15 pieces/mm2) (Z=3.927,P＜0.01). 75.3% mast cells were in a state of being activated degranulation. The PUF scale of IC patients( 17-35 scores)was significantly higher than that of the non IC persons' (0-8 scores) (t=14.736,P＜0.01). The PUF scale of the patient group did not have a linear IC relation with the mast cell's infiltrated number among the specimens (rs=-0.618,P=0.601). Conclusions Mast cell infiltration may be one of the characteristic pathological manifestations of IC. The association of mast cell infiltration and the PUF scale may be a new diagnosis criteria for IC.

Expression of E2F3 in Tissue of Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma and the Relationship with Clinical Significances / 天津医药

Objective: To acquire the expression of E2F3 protein and mRNA in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) tissue and normal bladder epithelial tissue, and the relationship between E2F3 expression and the biological behaviors of BTCC thereof. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of E2F3 in BTCC(n = 64) and normal bladder mucosa(n = 10). Immunohistochemistry result was analysed by Image-pro Plus software and the expression result was indicated by integrated optical density (IOD). The expression of E2F3 mRNA was investigated using RT-PCR analysis in fresh bladder tumor tissues and normal bladder mucosa. Results: The expression rate of E2F3 in BTCC (32.8%) was higher than that of normal bladder mucosa(P < 0.01). The expression rate of E2F3 was strongly correlated with the pathological grade and clinical stage (P < 0.05;P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry result indicated that the IOD of E2F3 was significantly higher in BTCC than that of normal bladder mucosa (P < 0.01). The expression level of E2F3 was strongly correlated with pathological grade (P < 0.01). Conclusion: E2F3 was the diagnostic and prognostic index of BTCC, and provided theory basis about the gene target therapy in BTCC.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Fascin Protein and VEGF in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma / 天津医药

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of Fascin protein and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and the biological behavior of bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC).Methods:The expressions of Fascin and VEGF were examined by SABC(StreptAvidin-Biotin Complex)immunohistochemistry in 56 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens and 10 control samples of normal bladder tissues.Results:The positive expression rates of Fascin and VEGF were 0 in normal bladder tissue.The positive expression rates of Fascin and VEGF were 73.21% and 60.71% in BTCC(P ＜ 0.01).The higher expressions of Fascin and VEGF were related to the tumor grade,clinical stage and recurrence(P ＜ 0.01).The expression of Fascin was closely correlated with that of VEGF in BTCC(r=0.476 9,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion:The expression of Fascin may be one of parameters for understanding the biological behavior of BTCC.Fascin protein and VEGF may enhance the influence of the development of BTCC together,which may also provide theoretical foundation of chemopreventive stategy for bladder cancer in the future.

Construction of pRNAT-U6.1/Neo siRNA System to Knockdown E2F-3 Activity / 天津医药

Objective: To construct siRNA plasmid expression vector in order to knockdown E2F-3 activity. Methods: Sixty-four base-pair oligos for hairpin RNA expression, which targeted E2F-3 gene, were chemically synthesized and annealed. The pRNAT-U6.1/Neo vector was linearized with Bam HI and HindⅢ. Finally, the annealed oligos were inserted into the lined pRNAT-U6.1/Neo to construct RNAi plasmid(pRNAT-U6.1-E2F-3/Neo). The reconstructed RNAi plasmids were i-dentified by electrophoresis after digestion with BamHI and Hind Ⅲ, and were confirmed by sequencing analysis. Results: The recombinant pRNAT-U6.1-E2F-3/Neo vector was identified by polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed by sequencing analysis. The results demonstrated that 64 bp had been inserted into the expected site. Furthermore, the insertion sequence was exactly correct and no mutation site was found. Conclusion: The pRNAT-U6.1-E2F-3/Neo RNAi system was constructed successfully. This will facilitate the study of E2F-3 in bladder cancer cell lines.

The role of recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin expressing recombinant human B7-2 on PBMC against bladder cancer cells / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the expression of IFN-α of the peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) stimulated by bacille Calmeue-Guérin (BCG) expressing recombinant human B7-2, and the antitumor effect of BCG activated killer cells(BAK). Methods Expression of human B7-2 was detected by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. Recombinant BCG and wild-type BCG were used to stimulate PBMC in different concentrations in vitro. Supernatant was collected at various time points and IFN-α was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MTT assay was used to observe the effects of recombinant BCG on proliferation of T cell, and LDH assay was used to study antitumor cytotoxicity of BAK cells. Results The concentration of human B7-2 in culture was 3.8 U/ml by ELISA. Compared with wild-type BCG, recombinant BCG can induce more IFN-α. The results of the LDH release assay showed that the anti-tumor activity of BAK cells stimulated by recombinant BCG was 2.14 fold higher than that of wild-type BCG. Conclusion The expression of IFN-α in PBMC stimulated by recombinant BCG is higher than that stimulated by wild-type BCG, suggesting that enhanced antitumor activity of BAK when bladder cancer cells could be enchanced by using recombinant BCG.

Relationship of potassium sensitivity test and PUF in interstitial cystitis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discuss whether potassium sensitivity test(PST) is correlated with PUF in Interstitial Cystitis (IC). Methods The data of 14 IC patients (female 13, male 1) were an-alyzed. The mean age was 48 years (range 35-67 years). The clinical symptoms included urinary fre-quency, urgency, pelvic and peritoneal region pain after bladder filling. All the patients met the diag-nostic criteria of NIDDK for IC. Dilatations by hyponome were performed, medicine including heparin-sodium, lidocaine, NaHCO3 were used by intravesical instillation. PST and the pelvic pain and urgen-cy/frequency patient symptom (PUF) were used for evaluation. The relationship of the PST and PUF was assessed by statistics. Results PST median decreased from 4.0 to 1.0 (P<0.01). PUF medi-an decreased from 27.5 to 13.5(P<0.01). PST was directly correlated with PUF (rs=0. 868, t= 4.418, P= 0.001 before treatment, rs = 0.779, t=4.300, P = 0.001 after treatment). Conclusions PST and PUF are correlated. Both can be used as index in diagnosis, differential diagno-sis, symptom severity and treatment effectiveness evaluation of IC.

Study of rAAV-TK-IRES-ES gene therapy of bladder cancer in vivo / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the therapeutically effect of rAAV-TIE model in vivo. Meth-ods Cell suspensions of T24 cells were injected into the subcutaneously of right scapular region of nude mice. The nude mice were raised under SPF condition and the xenograft tumor growth was ob-served. Bearing tumor nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: rAAV-MCS group, rAAV-Tk group, rAAV-ES group, rAAV-TIE group and control group. Four weeks later of treatment, the nude mice were sacrificed. The xenografts tumors were fixed for HE staining. The liver tissue and ne-phridial tissue were also fixed for HE stain. The blood sample and endostatin concentration was as-sayed by ELISA. Results After 3 weeks of injected with T24 cells on nude mice, 25 showed visible tumor on the injected location. The rate of tumor formation was 93%. After 9 days injected by rAAV-ES, rAAV-TK, rAAV-TIE, the tumor volume were: rAAV-ES group(0.75±0.08)cm3 , rAAV-TK group(0.71±0.11)cm3 , rAAV-TIE group(0.52±0.09)cm3 , rAAV-MCS group(1.27±0.13)cm3 and control group (1.24±0.17)cm3. The microvessel density in the different groups were as follow-ings: rAAV-ES group(18.72±2.53)/HP, rAAV-TK group(21.74±4.62)/HP, rAAV-TIE group (12.73±1.78)/HP, rAAV-MCS group(52.38±6.46)/HP and control group(49.94±7.17)/HP. The endostatin concentration in the diffcrent groups were as followings: rAAV ES group(38.52 6.53)μg/L and rAAV-TIE group(40.33±7.48)μg/L. HE staining confirmed the tumor. The liver tissue and kidncy tissue of each group had no obviously cell degeneration or necrosis. Conclusion The rAAV-TIE could inhibit tumor induced angiogenesis and suppress both the initiation and the subse-quent growth of human bladder cancer in nude mice model.

Study on the shifting of Th1/Th2 balance in patients with interstitial cystitis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate possible disturbance of Th1/Th2 immunoregulation of blood serum and bladder mucosa in patients with interstitial cystitis(IC). Methods Blood serum and bladder mucosal specimens were collected from 16 female patients with IC and 16 female normal controis.The age of IC patients was 51.3±10.2 years.The age of normal controls was 53.1±9.6years.The expressions of Th1(IFN-γ,IL-2)and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-10)were determined by enIFN-γ and IL-2 in IC blood serum were(4.57±2.92),(17.52±7.52)pg/ml and in normal blood serum were(4.11±2.27),(20.99±5.09)pg/ml.Such two factors had no significant differences in these two groups.The expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in IC blood serum were(0.34±0.22),(4.37±2.34)pg/ml and in normal blood serum were(O.14±O.07),(1.18±0.61)pg/ml.Such two factors had sighad no significant differences with normal bladder tissues(IFN-γ:χ2＝1.900,IL-2:χ2＝0.514).The expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in IC bladder tissues had significant differences with normal bladder tiswere(0.16±0.11)and(2.42±1.27)pg/ml but in high PUF group were(0.53±0.12)and(6.31±1.21)pg/ml.The expressions of these two factors had significant correlations with the degree of PUF,which intensified in the IC of high PUF. Conclusion The expression of Th2 type eytokines is predominant in IC blood plasm and bladder tissues,the expression of Th2 type cytokines in IC blood plasm and bladder tissues has positive correlation with the degree of PUF.

Borderline phyllodes tumor of the prostate(a case report and literature review) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To review the clinical manifestation,pathological characteristics,treatment and prognosis of borderline phyllodes tumor of the prostate. Methods A case of borderline phyllodes tumor of the Prostate was reported and relative literature was reviewed. Results A 32-year-old man was admided to hospital with a history of aggravated dysuria 2 weeks and urinary retchtion one day. The enlarged prostate was palpated softly and smoothly by DRE.The serum PSA was 20.62 ng/ml.Transrectal ultrasonography and MRI revealed a well-demarcated poly-cystiform tumor which compressed the right lobe of the prostate to flattening.The diagnosis of benign stroma tumor which was not differentiated maturity obtained after transrectal sextant needle biopsy,and the transvesical enucleation was performed under epidural anesthesia.The tumor was histologically diagnosed as borderline phyllodes tumor of the prostate. Microscopic examination showed the tumor was composed of epithelial and stroma cells.The stroma cells proliferated obviously with atypia and mitosis,and the epithelial cells propagated without atypia.Immunohistochemical staining was performed.Vimentin was typically positive,PSA and PAP was positive,and SMA was negative.Forty days after the enucleation,the tumor recurrenced then radical prostatectomy was performed.The diagnosis of low potential malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate was made.The tumor was limited in tegument and the cross-section of urethra was infiltrated.The patient received external radiation to the whole pelvis(66 Gy)1 month postoperatively.At 6 months'follow up,the patient was asymptomatae. Conelusions The right diagnosis can not be obtained by needle biopsy because hyperptastic epithelial cells can not get and the recurrences of phyllodes tumor increase malignant potential.Radical prostatectomy is the most reliable method of treatment at present.

Multiplicity of prognostic factors in renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors for survival in patients with renal pel-vic and ureteral carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 220 patients with renal pelvic and/or ure-teral carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred and forty-six cases were males and 74 ca-ses were females. Age ranged from 38 to 84 years. One hundred and three cases were renal pelvic car-cinoma, 84 cases were carcinoma of ureter, 13 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma with carcinoma of u-reter, 5 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma with bladder cancer, 11 cases were carcinoma of ureter withbladder carcinoma, and 4 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma with carcinoma of ureter and bladder carci-noma. For TNM stage, there were 2 cases in T., 116 cases in T1, 48 cases in T2,37 cases in Ta and 17 cases in T,. For WHO grade, there were 5 cases with grade Ⅰ tumor, 87 cases with grade Ⅱ tumor and 128 cases with grade Ⅲ. Multivariate analyses were done using logistic analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model with Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test and Gehan test, re-spectively. Results The 5-year survival rates of Ta--T1,T2,T3,T4cases were 80.5%(95/118), 70.8%(34/48), 45.9%(17/37) and 17.6%(3/17), respectively. Survival rates were significantly different in patients with tumor stage Ta-T1,T2and patients with tumor stage T3-T4 (u=9.429, P=0.002). There was no significant difference between survival o{ ureterorenoscopic surgery group and other operation group(x2=0.217,P=0.641). The factors affected survival were age (RR= 1.639,P=0.027), time of initial symptoms to operation (RR=1.279, P=0.019) and clinical stage of the tumor (RR=1.373,P=0.011). Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the recurrence of bladder carcinoma ineluded multi-site growth(RR=11.292,P=0.003)and coexisting bladder careinoma (RR=8.780,P=0.001). Conclusions Age, time of initial symptoms to opera-tion and the stage of the tumor are the important predictors affecting the prognosis of the renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma. Multi-site growth and coexisting bladder carcinoma are important risk factors having impact on the recurrence of bladder carcinoma.